# Publications [Journal Articles](#journal_articles) | [Working Papers](#working_papers) | [Popular Articles](#popular_articles) ## Journal Articles ["Monopsony, Efficiency, and the Regularization of Undocumented Immigrants"](/file_url/282) (with Anthony Edo), J*ournal of Human Resources*, forthcoming 2027. ["The Mismeasurement of Work Time: Implications for Wage Differentials and Inequality"](/resource/le2026 "LE2026") (with Daniel Hamermesh), *Labour Economics*, May 2026. ["Gender, Selection into Employment, and the Wage Impact of Immigration"](/sites/g/files/omnuum4696/files/2026-02/JOLE2026.pdf "JOLE2026") (with Anthony Edo), *Journal of Labor Economic*s, April 2026. [Supplementary Material.](/sites/g/files/omnuum4696/files/2026-02/JOLE2026_Appendix.pdf "JOLE2026_Appendix") ["Ideological Bias in the Production of Research Findings"](/sites/g/files/omnuum4696/files/2026-01/sciadv.adz7173_0.pdf "Ideological_Bias") (with Nate Breznau), *Science Advances*, January 1, 2026. [Supplementary Material and Data.](/sites/g/files/omnuum4696/files/2026-01/sciadv.adz7173_sm_0.pdf "SA_Supplementary_Material") ["Physician-Patient Racial Concordance and Newborn Mortality"](/file_url/285) (with Robert VerBruggen), *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*, September 16, 2024. ["The Effect of COVID-19 on Labor Market Outcomes of Immigrants in the U.S."](/file_url/288) (with Hugh Cassidy), *Handbook of Inequality and COVID-19*, edited by Kenneth Crouch, 2024. ["The Fall and Rise of Immigrant Employment During the COVID-19 Pandemic"](/file_url/278) (with Hugh Cassidy), *Research in Labor Economics, 50th Celebratory Volume*, 2023.[ Programs.](/file_url/277) ["Health, Employment, and Disability: Implications from the Undocumented Population"](/file_url/289) (with David J.G. Slusky), *American Journal of Health Economics*, Winter 2022. ["Job Vacancies and Immigration: Evidence from the Mariel Supply Shock,"](/file_url/271) (with L. Jason Anastasopoulos, Gavin G. Cook, and Michael Lachanski), *Journal of Human Capital,* May 2021. ["Immigration and Economic Growth,"](/file_url/111) in *Prospects for Economic Growth in the United States*, edited by John W. Diamond and George R. Zodrow, Cambridge University Press, 2021. ["Business Closures, Stay-at-Home Restrictions, and COVID-19 Testing Outcomes in New York City,"](/file_url/268) *Preventing Chronic Disease*, September 2020. ["The Wage Penalty to Undocumented Immigration"](/file_url/265) (with Hugh Cassidy), *Labour Economics*, December 2019. [Programs.](/file_url/266) ["From Immigrants to Robots: The Changing Locus of Substitutes for Workers"](https://www.rsfjournal.org/content/rsfjss/5/5/22.full.pdf) (with Richard B. Freeman), in *RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Issue on Improving Employment and Earnings in Twenty-First Century Labor Markets*, edited by Erica L. Groshen and Harry J. Holzer, December 2019. ["The Wage Impact of the *Marielitos*: The Role of Race,"](/file_url/172) *Industrial and Labor Relations Review*, August 2019. ["Self-Selection of Emigrants: Theory and Evidence on Stochastic Dominance in Observable and Unobservable Characteristics"](/file_url/148) (with Ilpo Kauppinen and Panu Poutvaara), *Economic Journal*, January 2019. ["Ethnic Complementarities after the Opening of China: How Chinese Graduate Students Affected the Productivity of Their Advisors"](/file_url/190) (with Kirk B. Doran and Ying Shen), *Journal of Human Resources*, Winter 2018. ["The Wage Impact of the *Marielitos*: A Reappraisal,"](/file_url/183) *Industrial and Labor Relations Review*, October 2017. [Programs.](/file_url/203) ["The Labor Supply of Undocumented Immigrants,"](/file_url/169) *Labour Economics*, June 2017. [Programs.](/file_url/176) ["The Labor Market Consequences of Refugee Supply Shocks"](/file_url/267) (with Joan Monras), *Economic Policy*, July 2017. [Programs.](/file_url/147) ["Does Welfare Reduce Poverty?"](/file_url/145) *Research in Economics*, March 2016. ["Which Peers Matter? The Relative Impacts of Collaborators, Colleagues, and Competitors"](/file_url/239) (with Kirk B. Doran), *Review of Economics and Statistics*, December 2015. ["The Slowdown in the Economic Assimilation of Immigrants: Aging and Cohort Effects Revisited Again,"](/file_url/173) *Journal of Human Capital*, Winter 2015. [Programs.](/file_url/236) ["Immigration and Globalization: A Review Essay,"](/file_url/141) *Journal of Economic Literature*, December 2015. [Programs.](/file_url/129) ["How High-Skill Immigration Affects Science: Evidence from the Collapse of the USSR"](/file_url/168) (with Kirk B. Doran), *Innovation Policy and the Economy*, edited by William R. Kerr, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern, University of Chicago Press, 2015. ["Prizes and Productivity: How Winning the Fields Medal Affects Scientific Output"](/file_url/229) (with Kirk B. Doran), *Journal of Human Resources*, Summer 2015. \[[Review](/file_url/114) by János Kollár in the *Notices of the American Mathematical Society*, January 2015.\] ["Cognitive Mobility: Labor Market Responses to Supply Shocks in the Space of Ideas"](/file_url/160) (with Kirk B. Doran), *Journal of Labor Economics*, July 2015. ["The Analytics of the Wage Effect of Immigration,"](/file_url/158) *IZA Journal of Migration*, 2013. ["The Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Productivity of American Mathematicians"](/file_url/164) (with Kirk B. Doran), *Quarterly Journal of Economics*, August 2012. ["On Estimating Elasticities of Substitution"](/file_url/157) (with Jeffrey Grogger and Gordon H. Hanson), *Journal of the European Economic Association*, February 2012. [Programs.](/file_url/162) ["Social Security Eligibility and the Labor Supply of Older Immigrants,"](/file_url/167) *Industrial and Labor Relations Review*, April 2011. ["Poverty and Program Participation Among Immigrant Children,"](/file_url/156) *The Future of Children*, Spring 2011. ["Attenuation Bias in Measuring the Wage Impact of Immigration"](/file_url/153) (with Abdurrahman Aydemir), *Journal of Labor Economics*, January 2011. ["Immigration and the Economic Status of African-American Men"](/file_url/139) (with Jeffrey Grogger and Gordon H. Hanson), *Economica*, April 2010. ["Immigration in High-Skill Labor Markets: The Impact of Foreign Students on the Earnings of Doctorates,"](/file_url/134) in *Science and Engineering Careers in the United States*, edited by Richard B. Freeman and Daniel L. Goroff, University of Chicago Press, 2009. ["Labor Outflows and Labor Inflows in Puerto Rico,"](/file_url/180) *Journal of Human Capital*, Spring 2008. ["Do Foreign Students Crowd Out Native Students from Graduate Programs,"](/file_url/170) in *Science and the University*, edited by Ronald G. Ehrenberg and Paula E. Stephan, University of Wisconsin Press, 2007. ["Cross-Country Variation in the Impact of International Migration: Canada, Mexico, and the United States"](/file_url/130) (with Abdurrahman Aydemir), *Journal of the European Economic Association*, June 2007. ["The Evolution of the Mexican-Born Workforce in the United States"](/file_url/227) (with Lawrence F. Katz), in *Mexican Immigration to the United States*, edited by George J. Borjas, University of Chicago Press, 2007. ["Native Internal Migration and the Labor Market Impact of Immigration,"](/file_url/232) *Journal of Human Resources*, Spring 2006. ["Making it in America: Social Mobility in the Immigrant Population,"](/file_url/113) *The Future of Children*, 2006. ["The Labor Market Impact of High Skill Immigration,"](/files/gborjas/files/aer2005.pdf) *American Economic Review*, May 2005. ["Food Insecurity and Public Assistance,"](/file_url/238) *Journal of Public Economics*, July 2004. ["The Labor Demand Curve is Downward Sloping: Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market,"](/file_url/187) *Quarterly Journal of Economics*, November 2003. ["Welfare Reform, Labor Supply, and Health Insurance in the Immigrant Population,"](/file_url/125) *Journal of Health Economics*, November 2003. ["The Wage Structure and the Sorting of Workers into the Public Sector,"](/file_url/186) in *For the People: Can We Fix Public Service?*, edited by John D. Donahue and Joseph S. Nye, Brookings Institution Press, 2003. ["Homeownership in the Immigrant Population,"](/file_url/228) *Journal of Urban Economics*, November 2002. ["Welfare Reform and Immigrant Participation in Welfare Programs,"](/file_url/152) *International Migration Review*, Winter 2002. ["Long-Run Convergence of Ethnic Skill Differentials, Revisited"](/file_url/149) *Demography*, August 2001. ["Does Immigration Grease the Wheels of the Labor Market?"](/file_url/119) *Brookings Papers on Economic Activity*, 2001. ["Dollarization and the Mexican Labor Market"](/file_url/131) (with Eric O'N. Fisher), *Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking*, May 2001. ["Foreign-Born Teaching Assistants and the Academic Performance of Undergraduates,"](/file_url/117) *American Economic Review*, May 2000. [(Survey Instrument).](/file_url/138) ["The Economic Progress of Immigrants,"](/file_url/) in *Issues in the Economics of Immigration*, edited by George J. Borjas, University of Chicago Press, 2000. ["The Economic Analysis of Immigration,"](/file_url/155) in *Handbook of Labor Economics*, Volume 3A, edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, North-Holland, 1999. ["Immigration and Welfare Magnets,"](/file_url/136) *Journal of Labor Economics*, October 1999. ["To Ghetto or Not to Ghetto? Ethnicity and Residential Segregation,"](/file_url/189) *Journal of Urban Economics*, September 1998. ["How Much Do Immigration and Trade Affect Labor Market Outcomes?"](/file_url/137) (with Richard B. Freeman and Lawrence F. Katz), *Brookings Papers on Economic Activity*, 1997. ["Searching for the Effect of Immigration on the Labor Market"](/file_url/124) (with Richard B. Freeman and Lawrence F. Katz), *American Economic Review*, May 1996. ["Who Leaves? The Outmigration of the Foreign-Born,"](/file_url/226) (with Bernt Bratsberg), *Review of Economics and Statistics*, February 1996. ["Foreign Competition, Market Power, and Wage Inequality"](/file_url/142) (with Valerie A. Ramey), *Quarterly Journal of Economics*, November 1995. ["Ethnicity, Neighborhoods, and Human-Capital Externalities,"](/file_url/144) *American Economic Review*, June 1995. ["The Economic Benefits from Immigration,"](/file_url/123) *Journal of Economic Perspectives*, Spring 1995. ["Assimilation and Changes in Cohort Quality Revisited: What Happened to Immigration Earnings in the 1980s?"](/file_url/133) *Journal of Labor Economics*, April 1995. ["The Internationalization of the U.S. Labor Market,"](/file_url/231) *Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review*, January 1995. ["The Economics of Immigration,"](/file_url/182) *Journal of Economic Literature*, December 1994. ["A Two-Stage Estimator for Probit Models with Structural Group Effects"](/file_url/151) (with Glenn T. Sueyoshi), *Journal of Econometrics*, September/October 1994. ["Long-Run Convergence of Ethnic Skill Differentials: The Children and Grandchildren of the Great Migration,"](/file_url/116) *Industrial and Labor Relations Review*, July 1994. Click [here](/file_url/149) for updated results.. ["Time-Series Evidence on the Sources of Trends in Wage Inequality"](/file_url/120) (with Valerie A. Ramey), *American Economic Review*, May 1994. ["Immigration Policy, National Origin, and Immigrant Skills: A Comparison of Canada and the United States,"](/file_url/166) in *Small Differences that Matter: Labor Markets and Income Maintenance in Canada and the United States*, edited by David Card and Richard B. Freeman, University of Chicago Press, 1993. ["National Origin and Immigrant Welfare Recipiency,"](/file_url/184) *Journal of Public Economics*, March 1993. ["The Employment and Wages of Legalized Immigrants,"](/file_url/280) *International Migraiton Review*, Winter 1993. ["The Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants,"](/file_url/233) *Journal of Labor Economics*, January 1993. ["Self-Selection and Internal Migration in the United States"](/file_url/150) (with Stephen G. Bronars and Stephen J. Trejo), *Journal of Urban Economics*, September 1992. ["Assimilation and the Earnings of Young Internal Migrants,"](/file_url/159) (with Stephen G. Bronars and Stephen J. Trejo), *Review of Economics and Statistics*, February 1992. ["Ethnic Capital and Intergenerational Mobility,"](/file_url/140) *Quarterly Journal of Economics*, February 1992. ["Immigration and Self-Selection"](/file_url/122) in *Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market*, edited by John M. Abowed and Richard B. Freeman, University of Chicago Press, 1991. ["Immigration and the Family"](/file_url/174) (with Stephen G. Bronars), *Journal of Labor Economics*, April 1991. ["Immigrant Participation in the Welfare System"](/file_url/177) (with Stephen J. Trejo), *Industrial and Labor Relations Review*, January 1991. ["Consumer Discrimination and Self-Employment"](/file_url/126) (with Stephen G. Bronars), *Journal of Political Economy*, June 1989. ["Immigrant and Emigrant Earnings: A Longitudinal Study,"](/file_url/115) *Economic Inquiry*, January 1989. ["Self-Selection and the Earnings of Immigrants,"](/file_url/118) *American Economic Review*, September 1987. ["Immigrants, Minorities, and Labor Market Competition,"](/file_url/179) *Industrial and Labor Relations Review*, April 1987. ["The Earnings of State Government Employees in the United States,"](/file_url/234) *Journal of Urban Economics*, March 1986. ["The Sensitivity of Labor Demand Functions to Choice of Dependent Variable,"](/file_url/171) *Review of Economics and Statistics*, February 1986. ["Assimilation, Changes in Cohort Quality, and the Earnings of Immigrants,"](/file_url/185) *Journal of Labor Economics*, October 1985. ["The Measurement of Race and Gender Wage Differentials: Evidence from the Federal Sector,"](/file_url/146) *Industrial and Labor Relations Review*, October 1983. ["On Regressing Regression Coefficients,"](/file_url/181) *Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference*, December 1982. ["Labor Turnover in the U.S. Federal Bureaucracy,"](/file_url/230) *Journal of Public Economics*, November 1982. ["The Politics of Employment Discrimination in the Federal Bureaucracy,"](/file_url/165) *Journal of Law and Economics*, October 1982. ["The Earnings of Male Hispanic Immigrants in the United States,"](/file_url/154) *Industrial and Labor Relations Review*, April 1982. ["Job Mobility and Earnings over the Life Cycle,"](/file_url/161)*Industrial and Labor Relations Review*, April 1981. ["Wage Determination in the Federal Government: The Role of Constituents and Bureaucrats,"](/file_url/127) *Journal of Political Economy*, December 1980. ["The Relationship between Wages and Weekly Hours of Work: The Role of Division Bias,"](/file_url/175) *Journal of Human Resources*, Summer 1980. ["Job Satisfaction, Wages, and Unions,"](/file_url/135) *Journal of Human Resources*, Winter 1979. ["Biased Screening and Discrimination in the Labor Market"](/file_url/121) (with Matthew S. Goldberg), *American Economic Review*, December 1978. ["Discrimination in HEW: Is the Doctor Sick or Are the Patients Healthy?"](/file_url/188) *Journal of Law and Economics*, April 1978. [^Back to Top](#) ## Working Papers ["The H-1B Wage Gap, Visa Fees, and Employer Demand,"](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/2zlsxfwlb8mjhnfwafppt/H-1B-Wage-Gap-v3.pdf?rlkey=zie3k1tt9po4b2jsmqsxlm9bp&dl=1) May 2026 revision. NBER Working Paper No. 34793. [Programs](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/95tlqll7dhr6cjctl9hso/H1B-Code-March-2026.zip?rlkey=wwx1u1jgywp9ovpitxjblzoxs&dl=1). ["A User's Guide to the 2016 National Academy Report on *The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration*,"](/file_url/209) September 22, 2016. ["Imperfect Substitution between Immigrants and Natives: A Reappraisal"](/file_url/208) (with Jeffrey Grogger and Gordon H. Hanson), NBER Working Paper No. 13887, March 2008. [Programs.](http://www.nber.org/data-appendix/w13887/) [^Back to Top](#) ## Popular Articles ["Yes, Science Has a Political Bias Problem. Here's One Way to Fix It"](https://www.city-journal.org/article/science-political-bias-research) (with Nate Breznau), *City Journal*, February 10, 2026. ["Are Black Newborns More Likely to Survive with Black Doctors?"](/sites/g/files/omnuum4696/files/2025-01/IFS2024.pdf "ifs2024") (with Robert VerBruggen), *Institute for Family Studies*, November 7, 2024. ["Do Black Newborns Fare Better with Black Doctors? The Limits of Measuring Racial Concordance"](/sites/g/files/omnuum4696/files/2025-01/MI2024.pdf "MI2024") (with Robert VerBruggen), Manhattan Institute Issue Brief, October 2024. ["More Crime Analysis, Less Crime Politics"](/sites/g/files/omnuum4696/files/2025-01/CJ2024.pdf "CJ2024") (with Robert VerBruggen), *City Journal*, February 8, 2024. ["How to Detect Discrimination: A Methodological Lesson from the Students for Fair Admissions Data"](https://www.city-journal.org/article/how-to-detect-discrimination) (with Robert VerBruggen), *City Journal*, July 6, 2023. ["Why Trump's New Immigration Bill Makes Sense: Hey, It Works in Canada,"](/file_url/222) *Politico Magazine*, August 4, 2017. ["The Immigration Debate We Need,"](/file_url/223) Editorial in the *New York Times*, February 27, 2017. ["Silicon Valley Pushes for Immigration Reform for Its Own Purposes,"](/file_url/215) Editorial in the *New York Times*, October 24, 2016. ["What Does the National Academies' Immigration Report Really Say?"](/file_url/221) *National Review*, September 22, 2016. ["Yes, Immigration Hurts American Workers,"](/file_url/218) *Politico Magazine*, September/October 2016. ["The Case for Extreme Immigrant Vetting: It's a Practice as American as Apple Pie--and for Good Reason,"](/file_url/237) *Politico Magazine*, August 17, 2016. ["Lies, Damned Lies, and Immigration Statistics,"](/file_url/214) *National Review*, January 21, 2016. ["Immigration and the American Worker: A Review of the Academic Literature,"](/file_url/212) Center for Immigration Studies, April 2013. "A Lemon in the Senate: The Immigration Deal is a Travesty of a Mockery of a Sham," *National Review Online*, May 17, 2007. ["For a Few Dollars Less,"](/_publications/for-a-few-dollars-less) Editorial in *The Wall Street Journal*, April 18, 2006. ["Increasing the Supply of Labor Through Immigration: Measuring the Impact on Native Workers,"](/file_url/143) Center for Immigration Studies, May 2004. ["Making It Worse: President Bush Has Tackled the Immigration Problem Wrongly,"](/_publications/making-it-worse) *National Review*, February 9, 2004, pp. 24-26. ["An Evaluation of the Foreign Student Program,"](/file_url/178) Center for Immigration Studies, June 2002. ["Rethinking Foreign Students," ](/_publications/rethinking-foreign-students)*National Review*, June 17, 2002. ["Let's Be Clear About Whom We Want to Let In,"](/_publications/lets-be-clear-about-whom-we-want-let) Editorial in *The Washington Post*, December 23, 2001. ["The Case for Choosing More Skilled Immigrants,"](/file_url/211) *The American Enterprise*, December 2000, pp. 30-31. ["Mexico's One-Way Remedy,"](/_publications/mexicos-one-way-remedy) Editorial in *The New York Times*, July 18, 2000. ["Let Elián Remain Free,"](/_publications/let-elian-remain-free) Editorial in *The New York Times*, January 12, 2000 ["Immigration: The Issue-in-Waiting,"](/_publications/immigration-issue-waiting) Editorial in *The New York Times*, April 2, 1999. [Review of *Strangers among Us: How Latino Immigration is Transforming America*,](/_publications/latino-america) by Roberto Suro, *National Review*, May 18, 1998, pp. 54-55. ["Findings We Never Found"](/_publications/findings-we-never-found) (with Richard B. Freeman), Editorial in *The New York Times*, December 10, 1997. ["Immigration & Welfare: Solving the Welfare Problem Will Solve the Welfare Problem—Not the Immigration Problem,"](/_publications/immigration-welfare) *National Review*, June 16, 1997, pp. 34-38. ["The New Economics of Immigration,"](/file_url/128) *Atlantic Monthly*, November 1996. ["Punish Employers, Not Children,"](/_publications/punish-employers-not-children) Editorial in *The New York Times*, July 11, 1996. ["The Welfare Magnet,"](/file_url/213) *National Review*, March 11, 1996, pp. 48-50. Reprinted in Tamara L. Roleff, editor, *Immigration: Opposing Viewpoints*. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1998, pp. 97-102. ["Know the Flow: Nine Immigration Myths,"](/_publications/know-the-flow) *National Review*, April 17, 1995, pp. 44-50. Reprinted in Nicholas Capaldi, editor, *Immigration: Debating the Issues*. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 1997, pp. 188-196. ["Immigrants--Not What They Used To Be."](/_publicatons/immigrants-not-what-they-used-be) Editorial in *The Wall Street Journal*, November 8, 1990. ["The U.S. Takes the Wrong Immigrants."](/_publications/us-takes-wrong-immigrants) Editorial in *The Wall Street Journal*, April 5, 1990. [^Back to Top](#)